What were pencils made of in the 1400s?

In the 1400s, pencils were primarily made of wood and used a core of graphite, which was discovered in the late 16th century. Before the use of graphite, people employed various materials such as metal, ink, and even chalk for writing. The first true pencils, with a wooden casing and a graphite core, emerged later in the 16th century, leading to the modern pencil design we know today.