Why were West African Empires so prosperous?

West African Empires, such as Mali and Songhai, thrived due to their control over key trade routes that facilitated the exchange of gold, salt, and other valuable commodities. The abundance of Natural Resources, particularly gold, attracted traders from across the Sahara and beyond, enhancing economic prosperity. Additionally, strong centralized leadership and advanced agricultural practices supported stable societies, allowing for cultural and intellectual advancements, such as the establishment of centers of learning like Timbuktu. This combination of trade, resources, and governance contributed significantly to their wealth and influence.