What were the internal and external problems of the Russian empire from the 1800s to 1905?

From the 1800s to 1905, the Russian Empire faced significant internal problems, including political repression, social unrest, and economic challenges stemming from serfdom and industrialization. The discontent among peasants, workers, and intellectuals grew, leading to calls for reform and revolution. Externally, Russia struggled with military defeats, such as in the Crimean War (1853-1856) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), which exposed its weaknesses and further fueled domestic dissatisfaction. These factors culminated in the 1905 Revolution, highlighting the empire's vulnerabilities and the urgent need for reform.