How constitutional amendments can be overturned?

Constitutional amendments can be effectively overturned through the ratification of a new amendment that explicitly repeals or modifies the existing one. This process requires approval by two-thirds of both houses of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of the state legislatures or by conventions in three-fourths of the states. Alternatively, a Supreme Court ruling can interpret an amendment in a way that effectively nullifies its intended effect, though this does not formally repeal the amendment itself. However, the formal amendment process remains the primary legal pathway for overturning an amendment.