In Hebrew, Jesus' name would have been Yeshua Ben Joseph. At the time of His birth, it was the custom among Jews to name their children according to lineage. Therefore Jesus was named 'Yeshua son of Joseph'. Yeshua (yeh-SHOO-ah) in Hebrew means salvation. From gravesites of the area, the name 'Salvation' was a common one.
The travel of the Name throughout the various languages gives us Jesus. From the Hebrew Yeshua, it went to the Greek Iesus. From the Greek it went to the Latin Iesu, and from the Latin Iesu, it went to the English Iesus. The J was not invented until the Middle Ages, so the current spelling Jesus was not available until about 1500.
Note that each language has it peculiarities according to grammar. The Greek ending of 'sus' denotes male, much like the pronoun 'he', so the transliteration from Hebrew to Greek is consistant within the boundaries of each language.
Other names:
Bread of Life
King of Kings
Lord of Lords
Son of Man
Lamb
Lion
Jehovah
Savior
Messiah
Good Shepherd
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