What were the railroads in 1890?

In 1890, railroads were a pivotal component of the United States' transportation infrastructure, facilitating the movement of goods and people across vast distances. The network had expanded significantly since the mid-19th century, linking the East and West coasts and promoting economic growth and westward expansion. Major railroad companies, such as the Union Pacific and Central Pacific, dominated the industry, while the federal government supported the expansion through land grants and subsidies. By this time, railroads also played a crucial role in shaping American society and industry, contributing to urbanization and the rise of the national market.