How do earthworm help humus?

Earthworms play a crucial role in the formation of humus by breaking down organic matter, such as dead leaves and plant material, in the soil. As they burrow through the ground, they consume this organic matter and excrete nutrient-rich castings, which enhance soil fertility. Their burrowing activity also improves soil aeration and drainage, facilitating microbial activity that further contributes to humus formation. Overall, earthworms help transform organic material into stable humus, enriching the soil ecosystem.