What are the causes of floods and drought?

Floods are primarily caused by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, storm surges, and poor land management practices that prevent proper drainage. Droughts, on the other hand, occur due to prolonged periods of below-average precipitation, high temperatures, and increased evaporation, often exacerbated by climate change and human activities such as over-extraction of water resources. Both phenomena can also be influenced by natural climate patterns like El Niño and La Niña. Effective land use and water management are crucial in mitigating their impacts.