How did the Industrial Revolution lead to a downward spiral in death rates?

The Industrial Revolution led to a downward spiral in death rates primarily through advancements in technology, medicine, and public health. Improved agricultural methods increased food production, reducing famine and malnutrition. Additionally, innovations in hygiene and sanitation, along with the development of vaccines and antibiotics, significantly lowered mortality from Infectious Diseases. As living standards improved and healthcare access expanded, the overall health of the population increased, contributing to a decline in death rates.