What happens when a population is in hardly Weinberg equilibrium?

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it means that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next, indicating that the population is not evolving. This equilibrium is maintained under specific conditions: no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, a large population size to prevent genetic drift, and no migration. If any of these conditions are violated, allele frequencies may change, leading to evolution over time. Thus, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can signal the presence of evolutionary forces affecting the population.