What type of statistical methods can you use in order to analyze information and knowledge?

One should use essentially non-parametric statistics. A very good textbook is Siegel S (1956) Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Cy, NY.

For an application in art history see for example: Research Paper 5 'Time Distribution, Popularity, Diversity and Productivity of the Iconography of Venus in the Low Countries, France and Italy' by K. Bender (2011)

google.com/site/venusiconography/home/research-papers/research-paper-5">https://sites.google.com/site/venusiconography/home/research-papers/research-paper-5