How do you compare the force of attraction from the nucleus to the outer level of electrons?

The force of attraction between the nucleus and outer-level electrons decreases with distance due to the inverse-square law governing electrostatic forces. While the nucleus, composed of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, exerts a strong attractive force on negatively charged electrons, this force diminishes as electrons occupy higher energy levels farther from the nucleus. Additionally, electron-electron repulsions and the presence of inner electrons can shield outer electrons from the full effect of the nuclear charge, further reducing the overall attraction. Thus, outer electrons experience a weaker net attractive force compared to those closer to the nucleus.