What did Great Britain establish in 1788?

In 1788, Great Britain established the first permanent European settlement in Australia with the founding of the colony of New South Wales. This marked the beginning of British colonization in Australia, which was initially intended as a penal settlement to alleviate overcrowding in British prisons. The First Fleet, carrying convicts, soldiers, and supplies, arrived in botany Bay in January 1788, laying the groundwork for future expansion and settlement in the continent.