How does the excretory system work in a snake?

The excretory system in snakes primarily involves the kidneys, which filter waste products from the blood to form urine. Unlike mammals, snakes have a cloaca, a single opening that serves multiple functions, including excretion of both urine and feces. The urine is concentrated to conserve water, as many snakes inhabit arid environments. Finally, the waste is expelled through the cloaca, along with any undigested material.