The High Middle Ages, spanning roughly from the 11th to the 13th centuries, were characterized by significant population growth, urbanization, and the rise of a more structured feudal system. This period saw the establishment of universities and a flourishing of intellectual life, particularly with the revival of learning influenced by contact with the Muslim world. Additionally, the era experienced the expansion of trade networks, leading to the growth of towns and a burgeoning merchant class, as well as increased religious fervor exemplified by the Crusades.
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