modern birds are characterized by feathers a beak with no teeth a laying of hard shelled egg a hard metabolic rate a 4 chambered heart and light weight but a hard skeleton all living species of birds have wings-the now extinct flightless moa of New Zealand were only the exception wings are evolved forelimbs and most bird species can fly.Flightless Birds include ratites ,penguins and a number of diverse endemic island species birds also have a unique digestive and respiratory system that are highly adapted for flight . some birds especially corvids and parrots are among the most intelligent bird species a number of bird species have been observed by manufacturing and using tools and many social species exhibit cultural transmission of knowledge across generations
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