How did the geography of the area influence the outcome of the battle of prearl harbor?

Weather probably had nothing to do with the battle. Geography certainly did; had not Pearl Harbor been an island, aircraft carriers could not have been used. The distance between Japan and Pearl Harbor covers nearly two US continents. Had that distance been LAND instead of ocean, Japanese bombers would have had to have flown over millions of people living in thousands of cities, nullifying any surprise attack by air.