What type of element of a financial statement Equals increase in assets less liabilities during the year after adding distributions to owners and subtracting investments by owners.?

The element of a financial statement you are referring to is "retained earnings." Retained earnings reflect the cumulative amount of net income retained in the business after distributions to owners (like dividends) and adjustments for additional investments by owners. Essentially, it represents the increase in assets less liabilities, showing the company's accumulated profits that have been reinvested in the business.