What business practices did John D Rockefeller use?

John D. Rockefeller employed several business practices that contributed to his success, most notably vertical integration, which allowed him to control every aspect of oil production, from extraction to refining and distribution. He also used aggressive pricing strategies, including predatory pricing to undercut competitors and drive them out of business. Additionally, Rockefeller formed trusts and alliances, such as the Standard Oil Trust, which enabled him to consolidate control and reduce competition in the oil industry. These practices ultimately led to his dominance in the market and significant wealth accumulation.