In what ways was the medieval church involved in political as well as spiritual struggles?

The medieval Church wielded significant political power, often acting as a mediator in conflicts between monarchs and local rulers, and influencing the governance of states through its vast landholdings and wealth. Clergy members frequently held positions of authority, and the Church's doctrines shaped laws and societal norms. Additionally, the Church engaged in spiritual struggles by asserting its moral authority, leading to conflicts such as the Investiture Controversy, where it sought to control the appointment of bishops and abbots, asserting its independence from secular rulers. This interplay of spiritual and political power often resulted in tensions that shaped the course of medieval history.