What are the key differences between a rifle and a shotgun in terms of their design, functionality, and intended use?

Rifles are typically long-barreled firearms with rifled barrels designed for accuracy at longer distances, while shotguns have smoothbore barrels and are used for shooting multiple projectiles like pellets or slugs. Rifles are often used for precision shooting and hunting at longer ranges, while shotguns are commonly used for hunting birds or close-range targets with a spread of pellets.