What causes deflection of winds and ocean currents?

The deflection of winds and ocean currents is primarily caused by the Coriolis effect, which is the result of the Earth's rotation. As the Earth spins, moving air and water are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Additionally, factors such as continental boundaries, temperature differences, and pressure gradients also influence the direction and strength of these currents. Together, these elements contribute to the complex patterns of global wind and ocean circulation.