What happened to most of the Jews of Europe by 1945?

By 1945, most of the Jews in Europe had faced devastating persecution and mass murder due to the Holocaust, orchestrated by Nazi Germany and its collaborators. Approximately six million Jews were killed in extermination camps, ghettos, and through mass shootings. Many survivors faced the destruction of their communities, loss of family members, and the challenge of rebuilding their lives in a post-war Europe that had been irrevocably altered. The aftermath of the Holocaust led to significant movements for Jewish migration, particularly to Palestine and the United States.