What is montanism and novatianism?

Montanism was a 2nd-century Christian movement founded by Montanus, emphasizing prophetic revelations, asceticism, and the imminent return of Christ. It was characterized by ecstatic experiences and a strict moral code, often challenging the established church's authority. Novatianism, arising in the 3rd century, was a schismatic movement led by Novatian, who opposed the church's practice of readmitting Christians who had lapsed in their faith during persecution. Both movements highlighted tensions within early Christianity regarding authority, prophecy, and the nature of repentance.