What is in the codeine family?

Codeine belongs to a class of medications known as opioids, specifically the phenanthrene family of alkaloids. Other notable members of this family include morphine, thebaine, and hydrocodone. These substances are primarily used for their analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, but they can also have sedative effects and a potential for addiction. Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord to reduce the perception of pain.