What happened to the colonies of Spain and Portugal between 1790 and 1828?

Between 1790 and 1828, Spain and Portugal experienced significant upheaval in their colonies in the Americas due to a combination of factors, including the influence of Enlightenment ideas, the American and French Revolutions, and internal struggles within the colonial administrations. This period saw widespread independence movements, particularly in Spanish America, where countries like Argentina, Mexico, and Chile fought for and achieved independence. Meanwhile, Portugal faced challenges in its Brazilian colony, leading to Brazil's Declaration of Independence in 1822. By 1828, most of the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas had successfully established their sovereignty, marking the decline of colonial power in the region.