How did the social contract and separation of powers affect views of government?

The social contract theory, articulated by philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, posited that government legitimacy arises from the consent of the governed, emphasizing individual rights and the collective will. This idea influenced the development of democratic principles, fostering a belief in government as a protector of liberty rather than an authoritarian force. The separation of powers, championed by Montesquieu, advocated for dividing government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent tyranny and promote accountability. Together, these concepts reshaped views of government, promoting systems that prioritize checks and balances and the protection of individual freedoms.