Why are American campaigns so much longer and more expensive and more candidate centered?

American campaigns are longer and more expensive primarily due to the decentralized electoral system, which allows for multiple levels of government and numerous elections, necessitating extensive outreach and fundraising efforts. Additionally, the influence of media and advertising in the political process has driven candidates to invest heavily in marketing to differentiate themselves in a crowded field. This focus on individual candidates rather than party platforms has led to a more personalized approach, where candidates often prioritize their personal narratives and brand over collective party identity.