What is meant by salient and non-salient pole machine?

for salient type motor Lq>Ld, and non-salient type motor Lq=Ld; Lq and Ld are q-d axis inductance

'Salient' means to 'stick out', so a 'salient pole' machine is one whose rotor windings are fitted to pole pieces that stick out from the rotor shaft. A 'non-salient pole' machine is one in which the windings are placed in slots machined along the length of the rotor.

Salient pole machines run slower and have more poles than slotted-rotor machines, and are typically used in alternators run by water turbines; slotted-rotor machines are typically used in alternators run by high-speed steam/gas turbines.