Hernan Cortes, a Spanish conquistador, led an expedition to Mexico in 1519 and was greeted by Montezuma II, the Aztec ruler. The encounter eventually led to the overthrow of the Aztec Empire by the Spanish due to a combination of military conflict and internal Aztec political issues. Cortes captured Montezuma and used him as a puppet ruler for a period before he was killed during an uprising against the Spanish.
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