Who destroyed the monarchies?

Monarchies have been challenged and destroyed by various factors throughout history, often through revolutions, wars, and political movements. Notable examples include the French Revolution, which led to the fall of the Bourbon monarchy, and the Russian Revolution, which resulted in the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty. Additionally, decolonization and the rise of republicanism in the 20th century saw many monarchies dismantled in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Ultimately, the destruction of monarchies often stemmed from popular uprisings against autocratic rule and demands for democratic governance.