Who is influenced by demand characteristics?

Demand characteristics influence participants in psychological experiments, as they may alter their behavior based on their perceptions of the study's purpose or expectations of the researchers. This can lead to biased results, as participants might consciously or unconsciously try to conform to what they believe the experiment requires. Additionally, researchers themselves can be influenced by demand characteristics, as they may unintentionally communicate expectations through their behavior or language. Overall, both participants and researchers can be affected, impacting the validity of the study's findings.