Who and what are the major instruments and actors used in making national security policy?

Major instruments and actors in making national security policy include government agencies such as the Department of Defense, Department of State, and intelligence agencies like the CIA, which provide critical information and strategic recommendations. Key actors include the President, who sets the overarching policy direction, and the National Security Council, which coordinates between various governmental entities. Additionally, Congress plays a vital role through legislative oversight and funding. External influences, such as international organizations, allies, and non-state actors, also shape national security decisions.