Protons are positively charged particles that reside in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons are negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus. If electrons were to occupy the nucleus, their negative charge would result in an unstable configuration due to the strong electrostatic attraction between the opposite charges. Moreover, quantum mechanics dictates that electrons have specific energy levels and cannot occupy the same space as protons within the nucleus due to the principles of exclusion and uncertainty. Thus, electrons remain outside the nucleus while protons and neutrons make up its core.
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