How is torque increase achieved in a standard transmission?

In a standard transmission, torque increase is achieved through gear ratiOS. When the vehicle is in a lower gear, the transmission reduces the output speed while increasing the output torque, allowing the engine to deliver more power to the wheels. This mechanical advantage is a result of the gears' relative sizes, where smaller gears drive larger ones, amplifying the engine's torque for improved acceleration and climbing ability. As the vehicle shifts to higher gears, torque decreases but allows for higher speeds.