What are the primary early prison designs in America?

The primary early prison designs in America were the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System. The Pennsylvania System, exemplified by the Eastern State Penitentiary, emphasized solitary confinement and rehabilitation through isolation. In contrast, the Auburn System, developed in New York, focused on congregate work during the day with strict silence at all times, promoting discipline and labor as means of reform. These designs reflected differing philosophies on punishment and rehabilitation in the 19th century.