How could World Com's board of directors have prevented the manipulations that the management used?

WorldCom's board of directors could have implemented stronger oversight mechanisms, including more rigorous financial audits and independent reviews of accounting practices. Establishing a robust internal controls framework and fostering a culture of transparency could have deterred management from engaging in fraudulent activities. Additionally, regular training on ethical standards and corporate governance for board members would have equipped them to better question and challenge management decisions. Lastly, appointing independent directors with financial expertise could have provided the necessary scrutiny over financial reporting.