What does the VESPER theory tell about a molecule?

The VESPER (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, also known as VSEPR, explains the three-dimensional shape of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of central atoms. According to this theory, electron pairs—whether bonding or non-bonding—tend to arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion. This arrangement determines the molecular geometry, influencing properties like polarity and reactivity. Overall, VESPER helps predict the shapes of molecules based on the number of electron pairs around a central atom.