What are Seepage runoff and direct discharge are all ways that acids and heavy metals can pollute?

Seepage, runoff, and direct discharge are mechanisms through which acids and heavy metals can enter the environment and contaminate water sources. Seepage occurs when pollutants from soil or landfills gradually infiltrate groundwater. Runoff happens when rainwater or melting snow carries these contaminants over land into rivers, lakes, or oceans. Direct discharge refers to the intentional or accidental release of polluted water from industrial processes or wastewater treatment facilities into natural water bodies.