What takes value or values performs an operation and returns a result in the cell?

In spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel or google Sheets, a formula takes values (or cell references) as input, performs a specified operation (such as addition, subtraction, or averaging), and then returns the result in the cell where the formula is entered. For example, the formula =SUM(A1:A5) takes the values from cells A1 to A5, adds them together, and displays the total in the cell containing the formula. This process allows for dynamic calculations that update automatically when the input values change.