What are the characteristics of malicious code?

Malicious code refers to any software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise computer systems, networks, or data. Key characteristics include self-replication, stealthiness to avoid detection, and the ability to execute harmful actions such as data theft, system damage, or unauthorized access. Common forms include viruses, worms, trojans, and ransomware. Malicious code often exploits vulnerabilities in software or user behavior to propagate and achieve its objectives.