What are the 4 extraneous variables?

Extraneous variables are factors other than the independent variable that can influence the dependent variable, potentially skewing results. The four common types of extraneous variables include:

1. Participant variables (individual differences between subjects, such as age or intelligence)
2. Situational variables (environmental factors like temperature or time of day)
3. Measurement variables (inconsistencies in how data is collected or measured)
4. Confounding variables (factors that are related to both the independent and dependent variables, leading to false conclusions).

Controlling these variables is crucial for ensuring the validity of research findings.