What is a substructure of a building?

A substructure of a building refers to the part that is below ground level and serves as the foundation. It typically includes elements such as footings, foundations, and basement walls, which support the superstructure above. The substructure is crucial for distributing the weight of the building and ensuring stability, as well as protecting it from moisture and soil movement. Proper design and construction of the substructure are essential for the overall integrity and longevity of the structure.