Do banks pay federal taxes

As far as I know, they do.

Of course, and State taxes and payroll taxes, and many special bank only taxes and fee's.

Some special savings groups (like credit unions) may have special tax exemptions, as well as many regulatory restrictions.

While 50% of the people don't pay ant=y tax at all...because the don't make "enough" money - or get all types of exemptions - many Cos don't pay any federal income tax because (as we have seen by the many banks failing) they lose money (don't have income). However, even then, they pay all types of other taxes, including an alternative type of State tax based on different calculations of value (not just income), which are substantial.