What kind of map shows mountains rivers and lakes?

Although many types of maps show these features, a physical map seems to be the best answer.

A physical map shows the physical features of an area; mountains, lakes, rivers, Coastlines, and so on.

A topographic map also shows the physical features of an area. (i.e. - the shapes and locations of mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, cities, roads, bridges, and many other natural and man made features). However, the differentiating aspect of a topographic map is that it shows both horizontal and vertical representations of the terrain with a combination of contour lines, colors, symbols, labels, and other graphical representations.