What causes Buddhism teaches that suffering and misery are caused by?

Buddhism speaks to suffering in its widest sense, not just the extreme forms such as misery. Suffering can be a vague sense of insufficiency caused dissatisfaction with a luxurious lifestyle or even the transient lust for a donut as you pass a bakery and smell them cooking.

Our attachments and desires are the causes of this discomfort. It is not bad that we have desires. The desire to become a Buddha is good. But having unwise desires is not. For example, desiring a particular car because you think it might make you "cool" is not wise. Things don't make you cool. Or working yourself to death to buy a new large TV is not wise, because while the TV will make you happy for a while, it will get old and break or an even better TV will come along. Now you are not so happy with your TV.

The biggest issue with attachment is our belief that things will always be as they are. Well, all thing change, and our desire to have them stay as it they are is one of the biggest reasons we suffer.