Binary, itself, is rather simple. However it is only a numeric system. Turning it into letters, data, etc. is a much more complex task, and there are many, many ways to do so.
Binary represents a numerical system. We use a base '10' system. 10 numbers represented by each field.
IE, the one's place, ten's place, hundred's place. Each is a multiple of 10 (10x1 = 10's place, 10x10 = hundred's place, 10x100 = thousand's place).
Binary works the same way, but with only two integers per field.
0 = 0
1 = 1
10 = 2
11 = 3
100 = 4
101 = 5
110 = 6
111 = 7
1000 = 8
1001 = 9
1010 = 10
1011 = 11
1100 = 12
1101 = 13
1110 = 14
1111 = 15
10000 = 16
100000 = 32
1000000 = 64
10000000 = 128
100000000 = 256
1000000000 = 512
10000000000 = 1024
100000000000 = 2048
1000000000000 = 4096
etc.etc.etc
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