When did british merchant navy adopt red ensign and royal navy white?

The British merchant navy adopted the Red Ensign in 1707 as its distinguishing flag, while the Royal Navy has used the White Ensign since the 17th century, specifically formalized in 1864. The Red Ensign became an important symbol for British merchant vessels, whereas the White Ensign is reserved for the Royal Navy and other naval forces. Over time, these flags have come to represent their respective services and the traditions of the British maritime heritage.