Is Russia a socialist country

It is a mixture of the two.

When Russia was part of the USSR it sent through several phases of socialism. When the Soviet Union went through the cold war it went away in 1991.

Russia now has elections. Boris Yeltsin was elected the President of Russia in June 1991, in the first direct presidential election in Russian history. It is a several flavors of communism party system though so the election is basically a fraud. They also have free market with heavy regulation and government involvement and privatization is now allowed.

Russia is considered by many (including Wikipedia) a SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC. That means their government has legislative, executive and judiciary branches.

It claims to be a social democratic country but is very lean on the democracy part.

You can also look at the world fact website run by the CIA. The CIA called the type of Government currently in Russia as Federation, which goes into details as follows:

"Federal (Federation)- a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided(among the communist party) - usually by means of a constitution - between a central authority and a number of constituent regions (states, colonies, or provinces) so that each region retains some management of its internal affairs; differs from a confederacy in that the central government exerts influence directly upon both individuals as well as upon the regional units. "

https:/www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html