Will a baseball travel further when hit by an aluminum or composite bat?

Neither.It depends. No matter what the bat is made of, if the ball hits the same sized bat in the same place at the same speed then the only difference in the distance will be affected by the weight of the bat. Hevier bat means further range. Although wood absorbs the blow of the ball better giving less force to the ball this pretty much doesn't matter because it is a tiny, minute effect.
You can hit a Baseball much farther with an aluminum bat than a wooden one.